Ethical and legal level of counseling

Moral and lawful degree of guiding 1. The idea of morals and lawful Morals is commonly characterized as a philosophical order that is worried about human conduced and good dynamic (Van Hoose, 1985). Morals are standardizing in nature and spotlight on standards and norms that oversee connection between people, for example, those among guides and customers. Ethical quality, be that as it may, includes judgment or assessment of activity. It is related with so much words as great, terrible, right, wrong should, and should (award, 1992). Instructors have ethics, and the hypotheses advocates utilize include installed inside them moral presuppositions about human instinct that unequivocally and verifiably question first What is an individual and second, what should an individual be or turn into? (Christopher, 1996) For improving the moral and legitimate degree of directing, first, the instructor needs to comprehend what the word moral methods. Prior to the main advising meeting, the guide ought to acknowledge how significant about creation great expert choices that are the two morals and legitimate while being useful to their customers. As indicated by the Websters New World Dictionary (1980), it implies 1. having to do with morals; or of complying with moral guidelines, 2. complying with proficient gauges of lead. Notice that these two definitions are particularly extraordinary. This initially is an individual marvel that is, what is good is choose regularly by people. Conversely, the second envelops practices that are viewed as moral by some expert gathering. In the emotional wellness calling, that gathering could be the American Counseling Association (ACA), or the American Psychological (APA), just to give some examples. 2. The advancement of codes of morals for advocates The main advising code of morals was created by the American Counseling Association (ACA) (Then the American Personnel and Guidance Association, or APGA) in view of the first American Psychological Association code of morals (Allen, 1986). The underlying ACA code was started by Donald Super and affirmed in 1961 (Callis Pope, 1982). It has been overhauled occasionally since that time. The ACA additionally delivers A Practitioners Guide to Ethical Decision Making, video meetings on settling driving edge moral situations (Salo Hamilton, 1996), and an Ethical Standards Casebook (Herlihy Corey, 1996). The ACAs most recent morals code is involved a Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice. This code is one of the significant signs that guiding has formed into an adult control since callings are portrayed, in addition to other things, by a case to particular information and a code of morals. In the CAC, morals measures are masterminded under topical sectional headings. They contain material like that found in numerous other moral codes, yet they are one of a kind to the calling of guiding. 3. Following the Guideline for Acting Ethically For improving the more elevated level of the morals of advising, the instructors ought to follow rule for acting morally. Swanson (1983) records rules for evaluating whither instructors act in morally mindful manners. The first is close to home and expert legitimate. Instructors need to work transparently with themselves and those with whom they work. Concealed plans or unacknowledged emotions frustrate relationship and spot advisors on temperamental moral ground. One approach to beat individual and expert legit issues that may impede acting morally is to get management (Kitchener, 1994). The subsequent rule is acting to the greatest advantage of customers. This perfect is simpler to talk about than accomplish. On occasion, an instructor may force individual qualities on customer and disregard what they truly need (Gladding Hool, 1974). At different occasions, an advisor may neglect to perceive a crisis and too promptly acknowledge the possibility that the customers wellbeing is served by sitting idle. The third rule is that guides demonstration without noxiousness or individual increase. A few customers are hard to like or manage, and it is win these people that instructors must be particularly cautious. Be that as it may, advocates must be mindful so as to maintain a strategic distance from associations with agreeable customers either on an individual or expert premise. Mistakes in judgment are destined to happen when the instructors personal responsibility turns into a piece of the relationship with a customer (Germaine, 1993). The last rule is whether advisors can legitimize an activity as the best judgment of what ought to be done dependent on the present condition of the calling (Swanson, 1983). To settle on such a choice, advisors must stay aware of current patterns by perusing the expert writing; going to in-administration workshops and shows, and getting effectively engaged with neighborhood, state, and national guiding exercises. The ACA Ethical Standards Casebook (Herlihy Corey, 1996) contains models in which advisors are given issues and contextual analyses of sketchy moral circumstances and given the two rules and inquiries to think about in choosing what a moral reaction would be. Every circumstance includes a standard of the moral code. As supportive as the casebook might be, in many guiding circumstances the best possible conduct isn't self-evident (Gladding, 2001). For instance, the subject of privacy in adjusting the individual privileges of an individual with AIDS and society s option to be shielded from the spread of the illness in one with which a few advocates battle. In like manner, there are numerous moral issues in advising grown-up survivors about what to do in a given circumstance, it is pivotal for instructors to concern and talk over circumstances with partners, notwithstanding utilizing standards, rules, casebooks, and expert codes of morals. 4. Advocate Competence and Referral The ACA Code of Ethics (1995) unmistakably expresses that Counselors must practice just inside the limits of their skill, in light of their instruction, preparing, managed understanding, state and national expert certifications, and suitable expert experience. The APA Ethical Principles (1992) offers a comparable expression and includes that: Psychologists offer types of assistance, educate, or direct research in new territory or including new procedures simply after first endeavor suitable examination, preparing, management, and meeting from individual who are skillful in those territories or methods. The moral principles are very clear in regards to what an advocate ought to do on the off chance that he isn't equipped to treat a specific customer issue. His first and best decision is to make a fitting referral. In the event that there is nobody to whom he can allude (which would be a special case as opposed to a typical event), at that point it is occupant on he to instruct himself through understanding books and diary articles on the introducing issue and to look for management of his work with the customer. The advisor has the obligation regarding the government assistance of the customer; thusly, it is his expert obligation to acquire for that customer the most ideal administrations be it from him or from an expert partner. Customers are not subjects for your experimentation adapting however merit the most ideal expert consideration. One of advocates obligations is to perceive their qualities and shortcomings and to offer administrations just in the territories of their qualities. Characterizing a guides regions of segment normally includes basic and legitimate self-assessment. Considering this emotional part an interior point of view, Robinson and Cross alert advocates to do everything conceivable to pick up the aptitudes and information based to the calling. Guides need to extend their abilities consistently by perusing and going to new and creating patterns, through achieving postgraduate instruction, and through going to courses and workshops planned for honing and expanding both information and expertise bases. All advocates must assume full liability for holding fast to proficient implicit rules that address the ideas of appropriate portrayal of expert capabilities, for giving just those administrations to which they have been prepared, and for looking for help with individual issues that are obstructions t o offering powerful support. Despite the region of the region of administration being examined, guides are the main line judge of their expert fitness. Despite the fact that credentialing bodies, proficient associations, and state assemblies may set measures for training, the advocate must be the most basic evaluator of their capacity to offer types of assistance. This regularly turns out to be a significant test when ones living wards on having customers who will pay for administration. Actually, the moral isn't generally the simple decision. 5. Improving Ethics Decisions Making in Counseling The creation morals choice is the urgent key for accomplishing a more elevated level of the morals of directing. Morals dynamic is regularly difficult yet is a piece of being a guide. It requires ideals, for example, character, uprightness, and good fearlessness just as information (Welfel, 1998). A few advocates work from individual moral gauges regardless of the moral rules created by proficient advising affiliations. They as a rule work well until confronted with a difficulty for which there is no evident acceptable or best arrangement (Swanson, 1983). At such occasions, moral issues emerge and these advisors experience uneasiness, uncertainty, delay, and disarray in deciding their direct. Lamentably, when they act, their conduct may end up being exploitative in light of the fact that it isn't grounded in any moral code. The scientists discovered five kinds of moral problems generally predominant among the college advisors they studies there: a. privacy, b. job struggle, c. guide ability, d. clashes with manager or foundation, and e. level of peril. The situational difficulties that included risk were the least hard to determine and those that managed guide capability and classification were the most troublesome. The surpri

The Twelve Signs of the Japanese Zodiac (Juunishi)

The Twelve Signs of the Japanese Zodiac (Juunishi) The Japanese zodiac (Juunishi) is partitioned into 12 squares with each square containing a gathering of years. The years in each square are 12 years separated from the past or following year (in that square as it were). Each square is given a name of a creature dependent on the antiquated Chinese idea that unsurpassed movements depend on these twelve units. In Japan, the reception of the twelve-year cycle, with an alternate creature speaking to each square, is genuinely normal. Those people conceived during a specific year were said to acquire a portion of the characters of that years creature. Examine to perceive what year and creature you are. Rodent (nezumi) Brought into the world 2008, 1996, 1984, 1972, 1960, 1948, 1936, 1924, 1912. Individuals conceived in the time of the Rat are enchanting, genuine, aggressive, and have a gigantic limit with respect to seeking after a course to its end. They will buckle down for their objectives. They are effectively incensed however keep up an outward demonstration of control. Bull (ushi) Brought into the world 2009, 1997, 1985, 1973, 1961, 1949, 1937, 1925, 1913. Individuals conceived in the time of the Ox show restraint, intellectually alert and when required to talk are handy. They have a present for motivating trust in others. This permits them to accomplish a lot of achievement. Tiger (tora) Brought into the world 1998, 1986, 1974, 1962, 1950, 1938, 1926, 1914. Individuals conceived in the time of the Tiger are touchy, obstinate, irascible, gutsy, narrow minded and marginally mean ... however they are profound scholars and are equipped for extraordinary compassion toward those they are near and love. Bunny (usagi) Brought into the world 1999, 1987, 1975, 1963, 1951, 1939, 1927, 1915. Individuals conceived in the time of the Rabbit are the most lucky. They are smooth talkers, gifted, driven, ethical and saved. They have exceedingly fine taste and respected with reverence and trust. Mythical beast (tatsu) Brought into the world 2000, 1988, 1976, 1964, 1952, 1940, 1928, 1916. Individuals conceived in the time of the Dragon are sound, vigorous, sensitive, touchy and difficult. In any case, they are straightforward, delicate, overcome and can rouse trust in most anybody. They are the most impossible to miss of the 12 indications of the Zodiac cycle. Snake (hebi) Brought into the world 2001, 1989, 1977, 1965, 1953, 1941, 1929, 1917. Individuals conceived in the time of the Snake are profound masterminds, talk next to no and have colossal knowledge. They are lucky in cash matters and will consistently have the option to acquire it. They are resolved in what they do and hate to come up short. Pony (uma) Brought into the world 2002, 1990, 1978, 1966, 1954, 1942, 1930, 1918, 1906. Individuals conceived in the time of the Horse are able in offering praises and go on and on. They are able with cash and handle funds well. They are fast masterminds, astute and capable. Pony individuals outrage effectively and are anxious. Sheep (hitsuji) Brought into the world 2003, 1991, 1979, 1967, 1955, 1943, 1931, 1919, 1907. Individuals conceived in the time of the Sheep are rich, exceptionally practiced in expressions of the human experience, energetic about nature. From the outset, they appear to be in an ideal situation than the individuals conceived in different years. They are profoundly strict and energetic in whatever they do and have faith in. Monkey (saru) Brought into the world 2004, 1992, 1980, 1968, 1956, 1944, 1932, 1920, 1908. Individuals conceived in the time of the Monkey are the sporadic masters of the Zodiac cycle. They are sharp and able in great scope tasks and are savvy when making monetary arrangements. They are innovative, unique and can take care of the most troublesome issues easily. Chicken (tori) Brought into the world 2005, 1981, 1969, 1957, 1945, 1933, 1921, 1909. Individuals conceived in the time of the Rooster are profound masterminds and are constantly occupied and committed to their work. They generally need to accomplish more than they are capable, and on the off chance that they embrace an assignment past their capacities, they are disillusioned. Chicken individuals have a propensity for standing up straightforwardly at whatever point they have something on their brains. Pooch (inu) Brought into the world 2006, 1982, 1970, 1958, 1946, 1934, 1922, 1910. Individuals conceived in the time of the Dog have all the fine characteristics of human instinct. They have a feeling of obligation and dedication, they are very genuine and consistently put forth a valiant effort in their relationship with others. Canine individuals motivate trust in others and expertise to keep insider facts. Pig (inoshishi) Brought into the world 2007, 1983, 1971, 1959, 1947, 1935, 1923, 1911. Individuals conceived in the time of the Boar are courageous. They have gigantic internal quality which nobody can survive. They show incredible trustworthiness. They are irritable, yet prefer not to fight or have contentions. They are loving and kind to their friends and family.

What are the Pros and Cons of Cigarette Smoking

What are the Pros and Cons of Cigarette Smoking Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print The Pros and Cons of Smoking A List Compiled by an Ex-Smoker By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Updated on January 07, 2020 Mixmike / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Most  long-term smokers have a love/hate relationship with cigarettes. From the moment we awake in the morning until we lay our heads down on the pillow at night, cigarettes punctuate each and every activity of our daily lives. It becomes a very heavy load to carry over time. When we decide to quit, untangling the associations weve built up over a lifetime of smoking takes conscious effort;?? something that smoking cessation forum member Zoe illustrates beautifully below. In her list of pros and cons, Zoe takes a critical look at how smoking made her feel. A powerful exercise in stepping out from behind the smoke screen that nicotine addiction forces us to live behind, a pros and cons list allows us to uncover the truth about our relationship with smoking. From there, the work of healing can begin ... as it did for Zoe. From Zoe I made a list of what I liked about smoking vs. what I hated about smoking ... and though I really missed it at first, looking at this list made me see that I didnt like smoking as much as I thought I did. What I Liked About Smoking The bonding I experienced with other smokers.The feeling of creating a ritual.Watching the cigarette burn and watching the smoke swirl.Momentary gratification. What I Hated About Smoking The after-smell on my clothes, furniture, car, house, everything. Yuck.Not being able to breathe properly.The constant nagging cough. All day, all night.Lots of phlegm, lots of throat-clearing and losing my voice mid-sentence.Painful heartburn every night and every time I drank coffee.Feeling winded after extremely mild activity.Severe throbbing headaches, occasional migraines.Lingering colds and bronchitis.Racing heartbeat, more sweating.Increased rate of hypertension.Dizziness after smoking too fast or [having] too many cigarettes.Nausea from smoking too much.The constant coppery, ashy taste in my mouth.Yellow skin, teeth, and fingernails.Scaly, unhealthy-feeling skin.Anxiety from the fear about what I was doing to myself and the consequences.No relaxation, always feeling in need of something. A constant feeling of not being satisfied.Mini-withdrawals throughout the day.Feelings of shame while spending time with nonsmokers.Not accomplishing tasks because of wasted time smoking.The late-evening/middle-of-the-night trip to the gas station.Going out in bad weather to smoke alone.Feelings of inadequacy and substance dependence.Driving my cat out of the room every time I lit up.Dry mouth and constant feelings of thirst.Coughing so hard that I made myself sick.Trembling hands and fingertips.Fear. Of being unable to quit, of dying an untimely, painful death.The stinging feeling in my lungs when I tried to take a deeper or slower breath.Getting smoke in my eyes.Burning my lips on the filter.Trying to light short butts and feeling my eyebrows singe. Ouch!Re-lighting a previously torched cigarette, so I dont waste any tobacco.Overflowing ashtrays, ashes, and dust everywhere.Burn holes in my car upholstery and on my clothes.Will I fall asleep smoking?Will I catch something on fire?Dry, chapped lips.The cost. All that money wasted on ruining my health and well-being.My nails and hair grew very slowly.Smoking fueled my compulsiveness relating to other bad habits, such as nail-biting and binge-eating.Having to reapply my lipstick after smoking.The filthy taste of cheap tobacco.Having to crack the car window in the pouring rain. Wet leg, wet arm, water in my eyes.Tar build-up on windows and furniture.The way my hair and skin smelled.Limited motivation and energy.Spilled tobacco in my purse, on my dresser, on my computer desk.Lighting the filter end by mistake...Dropping a cigarette while driving.Trying to tap my ashes out the car window ... while the window is rolled up.Dropping hot ashes or losing the tip of a cigarette.Oops! Tapped ashes in my drink.Feeling exiled in the smoking section/smoking room.Dulled sense of taste and smell. Maybe you should sit down and make a list like this for yourself. It might give you the nudge towards where you know you want to be.~Zoe A Word From Verywell Zoe is right. Crafting your own list of pros and cons is an eye-opening way to see just what smoking means to us, good, bad and ugly. A list will help you build motivation to quit smoking once and for all. Think about how smoking makes you feel, both physically and emotionally.  Try to honestly list out all of the positives and negatives and it will reinforce your desire to stop the madness that smoking is.?? The resources below will help you understand what to expect as you move through the process of recovery from nicotine addiction. Why You Should Consider Quitting SmokingWhat to Expect from Nicotine WithdrawalPersonal Quit Stories Dont fear smoking cessation.  Dig your heels in and go.  The discomforts are all temporary and give way to outstanding benefits that will continue to grow with time.

Chemistry Glossary Definition of Daltons Law

The Theories Believe Biological Or Genetic Risk Factors

Abstract Biosocial theories believe biological or genetic risk factors along with their environment impact an individual’s predisposition to engage in criminal behavior throughout their life. The biological risk factors tied with their environment can also impact an individual’s predilection to develop antisocial behavior or tendencies, violent or aggressive behavior, impulsivity, lack of social responsibility and their ability to learn complex behavior patterns. Several empirical studies regarding biosocial theory and its components will be reviewed within this paper followed by an explanation as to why a policy in policing and corrections with its basis in biosocial theory would not be effective. Biosocial theory is a theory†¦show more content†¦Caspi et al. (1994) conducted a study that determined specific personality differences are linked to crime without regard to race, age, or geographical location. Through comparison of a male and female birth cohort in New Zealand and an ethnically diverse group of 12-13-year-old boys in the United States, Caspi et al. (1994) determined, â€Å"robust personality correlates to delinquency (pg. 179).† Their study found that individuals that engaged in delinquency, â€Å"preferred rebelliousness to conventionality, behaved impulsively rather than cautiously, and were likely to take advantage of others (pg.180).† Further personality testing amongst all the individuals showed the individuals that engaged in delinquency tended to become easily upset or agitated with their friends when they felt betrayed or used by their friends (Caspi et al., 1994). Caspi et al. (1994) concluded the greater negative emotionality capability and less constraint an individual had, would lead to an increased delinquency and theoretically, antisocial behavior would be likely in that individual. Individuals in the study that demonstrated negative correlations with constraint levels, meaning the individuals responded to â€Å"frustrating events,† with strong negative emotions, â€Å"were likely to be impulsive, danger-seeking, and rejectingShow MoreRelatedEssay Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour1357 Words   |  6 PagesCrime theories are still in a development stage; it is an evolutionary process that continues to this day. Crime is still a complex and misunderstood phenomenon with no concrete evidence when it comes to human behavior. Throughout time there have been endless amounts of crime theories, few of which revolve around biological explanations. 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How Hamlet Changes Throughout the Play Free Essays

The changes in Hamlet’s personality are reflected in his changes in costume. At first, there is the Hamlet in the â€Å"nighted colour†, in mourning for his father and resentful of his mother and uncle. This is Hamlet in Act one. We will write a custom essay sample on How Hamlet Changes Throughout the Play or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is passive and reactive, making snarky remarks under his breath and behind the king’s back but being sullen and unresponsive in his presence. After the visit of the Ghost, Hamlet changes. Ophelia describes his costume as â€Å"his doublet all unbraced, no hat upon his head, his stockings fouled and down-gyved to his ankle. This is Hamlet of the antic disposition. His pretense of insanity gives him the liberty to sharpen his wit on the various spies which come to sound him out. He becomes more active, arranging for and essentially directing the play The Murder of Gonzago, but he is a perfectionist, and cannot see his way to killing Claudius without the circumstances being just right. He thinks he has got them right but he is wrong–it’s Polonius behind the arras and not Claudius. Then he is sent to England. He discovers that Claudius is not going to wait for the perfect opportunity, but has already made arrangements to have Hamlet killed. He changes again. He arranges for the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and when the pirates attack, he takes the opportunity to board their ship, and bribes them to return to Denmark. He arrives on the shores â€Å"naked and . . . alone†. â€Å"Naked† here means that he has only the clothes he stands up in, whatever he can find. Hamlet is now an opportunist. He no longer insists that the conditions be perfect. He will take his opportunity where he finds it. He becomes a fatalist: â€Å"There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow . . . the readiness is all. † It is when he reaches this stage in his journey that he can do what he wants to do and needs to do. He expresses his love for Ophelia (too late) and is able to take his revenge on Claudius (almost too late). How to cite How Hamlet Changes Throughout the Play, Essay examples

Juno and the Paycock Essay Example

Juno and the Paycock Paper In 1920s Dublin, men were considered more superior than women. The men had to support their families as they were the main source of financial income. In working class families, women also had to work. If they didnt, they wouldnt be able to pay the rent, or possibly not be able to feed their family. Women also had to look after the family and children, and had to do all of the housework. Men seemed to have control over women, who couldnt do anything to stop them. In Juno and the Paycock, Sean OCasey paints a different picture. Although the men believe they are in control, it is really the women who are in the drivers seat. OCasey believes that the women in his play are stronger, more enduring and unselfish than the male characters. OCasey himself believed that women were secretly in charge. He had a very strong relationship with his mother, as his father died when he was only six years old. He was also the youngest surviving child out of his other thirteen siblings. As he was brought up by his widowed mother, he sees that women are dominant and men are weaker. In Juno, we find that the Boyle family have come into a great deal of wealth. Almost immediately, Captain Jack Boyle spends most of it, hence, giving him the title of the Paycock. We will write a custom essay sample on Juno and the Paycock specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Juno and the Paycock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Juno and the Paycock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Johnny Boyle, his son, has a secret, which gradually unfolds as the story progresses. It turns out that he has been a government informer; you didnt think o that when you gave him away to the gang that sent him to his grave. This ultimately leads to Johnnys execution; where were you when me darlin son was riddled with bullets. Juno Boyle, Boyles wife, in the centre of everything, is feeling the burdens of life on her shoulders as she tries to keep her family together. Mary Boyle, Jack and Junos daughter, has found a new boyfriend. He is Charlie Bentham, and is very rich. We are later told that he has left Mary as she is now pregnant. We then learn that there was never any money for the Boyles; Theres no money comin to us at all the Wills a washout! Fed up, Juno, with a drunkard husband and a dead son, finally leaves Boyle, with Mary at her side. This is where Juno says to Mary about her baby; Itll have whats far betther itll have two mothers. This is good for the child as Juno is responsible and will be able to use her own experience to her advantage. I expect that Boyle will be left on his own, possibly with his best friend, Joxer Daily, at his side. Boyle has done nothing to help or support his family in any situation. Boyle is the head of the house, but it is Juno who seems to do all the work since Boyle would rather spend his time sipping lager and telling tales. Juno is very responsible and very reliable, while Boyle is completely undependable and irresponsible. Juno will protect her family with her life, but Boyle is plain lazy; If it werent for the terrible pains in me legs is always his excuse for not finding a job to help support his family financially. Johnny and Mary are the children of Boyle and Juno. Johnny, who was injured fighting for Ireland, and Mary, who is on strike for the principle of it, are both still trying to grow up. Mary, the elder of the two siblings, is stubborn, saying that she will stick to her principles, and Johnny is trying to hide from his comrades. Johnny has recently become very sensitive and quiet. He is worried about the death of Robbie Tancred, an old childhood friend. Mary however, is still as outgoing as ever. She enjoys a social life, and does not seem at all phased about being on strike, and having an awkward family. Mary and Johnny are both similar in the way that they both stand up for what they believe in. Mary is on strike, and Johnny stands up for his beliefs for Ireland. He lost an arm, and received a permanent limp from fighting during the Easter Rising. Johnny feels disgusted that Mary is pregnant and yet he hasnt told anyone what he has done. She should be dhriven out o th house shes brought disgrace on! He is being hypocritical. Mrs. Madigan, Mrs. Tancred and Joxer are all friendly with the Boyle family. Joxer is Boyles butty and drinking companion. Mrs. Madigan and Mrs. Tancred are the Boyles neighbours. Mrs. Madigan and Joxer are both very friendly and wish to help out. Yet, Joxer is a lazy lay-about. Mrs. Tancred is in grief when we meet her, but speaks passionately about wanting no more deaths and killings. When Mrs. Madigan hears of the Boyles inheritance, she has nothing but good words for them. Though when she finds out that there is no money, she angrily confronts Boyle for money she lent him, and then takes his gramophone as payment. She seems very two faced; nice and friendly one minute, then the next she is biting off Boyles head. Jerry Devine was Marys old boyfriend. He is still in love with her, but she has found a new boyfriend. He is called Charlie Bentham, a rich school teacher, now turning to work in law. Jerry doesnt realize that Mary doesnt want to be with him. He says to her; Let me kiss your hand when she refuses to go back with him. He is completely obsessed with Mary. Charlie is in love with Mary too and helps the Boyles with the will. However when Mary becomes pregnant, Charlie runs away to England, afraid of commitment and the results of his actions. When Jerry comes to Mary again, he wants her to return with him, as he knows that Bentham has left. He doesnt know that Mary is pregnant, and when he finds out, he leaves in shock. On the surface, Jerry and Charlie both seem to love and care about Mary, but when the worst comes to the worst, they quickly leave her to fend for herself. The women in Juno and the Paycock have many positive characteristics. They have strength, determination and are all friendly and caring. They all have strength to get through hard times (eg. Juno supporting her family; Mrs. Tancred during her bereavement). Juno is determined to make Boyle find a job and no matter what the situation, they are always loving (eg. Mrs. Madigan always wanting to help out). Women are completely different from the men. The men are lazy (eg. Boyle not finding any jobs; Boyle and Joxer in the snug all of the time), money wasters (eg. Boyle spending the money on a gramophone), and contradictive (eg. Boyle says he doesnt like the church or Father Farrell, then saying that the country would be nothing without them). Womens qualities outweigh their faults. They are stronger and better than what their faults says about them. Their negative qualities say they are vain and stubborn, but this is nothing in comparison to their positive qualities of being strong, resilient, loving, caring and determined. During this period in history, women were made to feel that they were inferior to men. But, OCaseys play defies this. Juno stands her ground against the men, and when she has had enough of them, she leaves Boyle. Juno and Mary decide to make their own way in the world, and forget about Boyle. Itll have whats far betther itll have two mothers. I feel that the baby will be better off with two mothers, especially if they are Juno and Mary. They are both wise enough not to fall into traps set by men, and know how not to raise the child. Juno was a good mother to Johnny and Mary, and so will be a great help to Mary and her child. They would raise the baby to be everything that Boyle was not. Yes, the women are more superior to the men. They are smarter and wiser. Although the men feel that they are in power, the women are weaving their way through the woodwork.